Replication of "Should Candidates Smile to Win Elections?" (Yusaku Horiuchi, Tadashi Komatsu, Fumio Nakaya), Political Psychology, Vol. 33, Issue 6, pp. 925-933, September 2012. 

* Description: Previous studies examining whether the faces of candidates affect election outcomes commonly measure study participants' subjective judgment of various characteristics of candidates, which participants infer based solely on the photographic images of candidates. We, instead, develop a smile index of such images objectively with automated face-recognition technology. The advantage of applying this new technology is that the automated process of measuring facial traits is by design independent of voters' subjective evaluations of candidate attributes, based on the images, and thus allows us to estimate “undiluted” effects of facial appearance per se on election outcomes. The results of regression analysis using Japanese and Australian data show that the smile index has statistically significant and substantial effects on the vote share of candidates even after controlling for other covariates. 

* Files included in this replication package
- ReadMe.txt (this file)
- Australia.do (creates Australia.gph)
- Australia.gph
- ReplicationData_Australia.csv
- Japan.do (creates Japan.gph)
- Japan.gph
- ReplicationData_Japan.csv
- graphcombine.do (combines Australia.gph and Japan.gph)

* Program: Stata Version 13.1

* Additional programs required: 

Michael Tomz, Jason Wittenberg, and Gary King.  2003.  CLARIFY: 
   Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results.  
   Version 2.1.  Stanford University, University of Wisconsin, 
   and Harvard University.  January 5.  Available at 
   https://gking.harvard.edu/

Please install Clarify <https://gking.harvard.edu/clarify> with the following commands:

. net from https://gking.harvard.edu/clarify/
. net install clarify

* Process of Replication:
(1) Set the working directory, which should be the folder with this ReadMe file.
(2) Run Australia.do 
(3) Run Japan.do
(4) Run graphcombine.do

* Most Recent Successful Replication: January 24, 2018